Question 1
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- The population sample of this study are women and they are three age cohort of 1921–1926, 1946–1951, and 1973–1978). The women from the year 1973-1978 who have participated in at least four waves of data collection over the past 11 years.
- Representativeness of the population sample can be established from the method of sampling used. Random sampling minimizes bias in selecting representative sample, it yield high quality sample for the study. The sample size is 6,306 women which gives a huge sample size of the overall population hence more reliable and representative for conclusion to be made.
- Characteristics of descriptive research:-
- Descriptive research normally ascertain prevailing conditions of facts in a group under case study
- There is no emphasis on the prevailing caused condition
- The variable in the study are not controlled (Saunders and Lewis 2014).
Characteristics of Analytical Research
- There is classification and grouping of variables as dependent and independent variables
- There is emphasis on the cause effect condition or relationship
- The study is variables are controlled (Saunders and Lewis 2014).
In summary the descriptive research study is opposite of analytical research study.
Question 2
| Question | Study type | Reason | Relevant measures of frequency/association |
| (i) |
Retrospective cohort studies |
This is because the potential exposure and result had already occurred in the past | Regression |
| (ii) | Prospective cohort studies | The group participants here are according to the past and current exposure and follow up into the future help in determining the outcome | Regression analysis |
| (iii) | Analytic Ecological Study | The study analyses cause and effect relationship on ecological effect | Group analysis |
| (iv) | Descriptive Cross-sectional Study | Common age of birth for babies and the study merely reports how many were having defect and how many were not having defect | Case study analysis |
| (v) | Longitudinal study | The study takes long time and follow up of the results | Regression analysis |
| (vi) | Analytic Cross-Sectional Study | The study investigate the relationship between association between parity and breast
cancer |
Multiple regression analysis |
| (vii) | Case-Control Study | The study presumed inverse relationship between black tea consumption and
cardiovascular disease |
Case study |
| (viii) | Analytic Ecological Study | The study investigate the relationship between variables and the environment | Regression analysis |
| (ix) | Longitudinal study | The study using data collected over different period of time for specific group | Multiple regression |
| (x) | Prospective cohort studies | The group participants here are according to the past and current exposure and follow up into the future help in determining the outcome | Case study survey and regression analysis |
