Three concurrent processes X, Y, and Z execute three different code segments that access and update certain shared variables. Process X executes the P operation (i.e., wait) on semaphores a, b and c; process Y executes the P operation on semaphores b, c and d; process Z executes the P operation on semaphores c, d, and a before entering the respective code segments. After completing the execution of its code segment, each process invokes the V operation (i.e., signal) on its three semaphores. All semaphores are binary semaphores initialized to one. Which one of the following represents a deadlockfree order of invoking the P operations by the processes?
Supervisors often find themselves caught between the proverbial rock and a hard place. As part of the management team, they may be aware of impending corporate decisions that have not yet been announced to employees. They have an obligation not to disclose key information prematurely, yet they are tempted to do so. This ethical dilemma often arises during corporate downsizings, during the period when decisions are still being made regarding which employees to retain and which to release. Assume that a marginal employee—one highly likely to be on your own list of layoff recommendations—comes to you in your role as a supervisory counselor and discloses an array of deep personal problems. Then the individual changes the topic abruptly and asks, “You don’t really think that this company would lay off someone with all of my stresses, do you?” How would you answer this individual?
August 5, 2021
5:49 pm
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