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The following graph shows left ventricular pressure-volume curves in one individual. Curve A is the person sitting at rest. Curve B shows the person’s cardiac response to mild exercise on a stationary bicycle. Curve C shows the cardiac response during maximum intensity cycling.

a. Calculate the stroke volume for each of the curves.

b. Given the following cardiac outputs (CO), calculate the heart rates for each condition. COA = 6 L/min, COB = 10.5 L/min, COC = 19 L/min

c. Which exercise curve shows an increase in stroke volume due primarily to increased contractility? Which exercise curve shows an increase in stroke volume due primarily to increased venous return?

d. Mechanistically, why did the end-diastolic volume in curve C fall back toward the resting value?

Trace the anatomical routes to the external environment followed by a newly formed sperm and by an ovulated egg. Name all structures the gametes pass through on their journey.

1. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false, and defend your answer.

(a) All testosterone is produced in the testes.

(b) Only males make androgens and only females make estrogens.

(c) Anabolic steroid use appears to be addictive, and withdrawal symptoms include psychological disturbances.

(d) High levels of estrogen in the late follicular phase help prepare the uterus for menstruation.

(e) Progesterone is the dominant hormone of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

2. What is semen? What are its main components, and where are they produced?

3. List and give a specific example….

The following graph shows the results of an experiment in which normal men were given testosterone over a period of months (indicated by the bar from A to E). Control values of hormones were measured prior to the start of the experiment. From time B to time C, the men were also given FSH. From time D to time E, they were also given LH. Based on the information given, answer the following questions.

(a) Why did testosterone level increase beginning at point A?

(b) Why did LH and FSH levels decrease beginning at point A?

(c) Predict what happened to the men’s sperm production in the A–B interval, the B–C interval, and the D–E interval

When you think about the metaphor of taking a pill, what “pills” have you taken that shape who you are? How might social location have influenced this along with your worldview and what you see as normative?

1. Eboo shares how he focused so much on deconstruction that he lost sight of the process of reconstruction and the agency it cultivates. Are there times in your life where you’ve done the same? What helped move you into the process of reconstruction? What lessons might you translate from this to the process of learning about leadership?

In what ways does Cindi’s narrative challenge the “story most often told” in leadership theory? How might these insights aid in the critical learning process?

1. Cindi articulates the powerful pressures associated with dominant leader prototypes that she faced along with an evolving set of approaches she used to survive, thrive, and disrupt these dynamics. How have you negotiated leader prototypes in your life and to what extent do the disruption techniques that Cindi shared resonate? What other techniques might you use?

2. Cindi’s narrative speaks to the agency she accrued from internally deciding when to intervene within an inequitable system. How might you contribute to the creation of spaces that cultivate agency in leadership processes as well as diminish the negative impacts of implicit prototypes?