A 35 year old male has come to see you because he is urinating, by his estimate, about 8L/day. He is constantly thirsty and drinks as much cold water as he can every day. His sleep is disrupted because of the need to urinate throughout the night. During your assessment, you learn he had several concussions playing college sports. He was recently involved in a car accident in which the airbag deployed and knocked him out. You test his urine and the specific gravity is 1.002. Stat labs reveal a serum sodium (Na+) of 150, and his plasma osmolality is 310 mOsm/kg.

a. What hormonal imbalance does this patient have?

b. Describe the pathophysiology related to the hormonal imbalance you identified.

c. Identify the most common causes of the hormonal imbalance and determine which caused the imbalance in this patient.

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