1) How can the centralized management feature of a computer network be used for training

purposes? [3 marks]

2) What are the seven essential elements to communication? Describe each one. [21 marks]

3) What are three advantages of a peer-to-peer network? [9 marks]

4) How would you describe the configuration of a server-based network? [5 marks]

5) What is attenuation? How is it measured for data communications? [4 marks]

6) Why is baseband signaling instead of broadband signaling used for data communication? Give

two reasons. [6 marks]

7) How does fiber optic cable send data? [3 marks]

8) Name the 7 layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and describe function of

each layer. [49 marks]

9) Why does a bus topology network slow down when more devices are added to the network?

[10 marks]

10) How does a ring topology actively participate in distributing packets? [5 marks]

11) What does a hub do in a multipoint star topology? How do newer-generation hubs differ from standard hubs? [15 marks]

12) What are the hybrid technologies star bus and star ring? Discuss an advantage of each. [20

marks]

13) How does Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) work? [15 marks]

14) How is a switch different from a hub? How does a switch affect network speed? [15 marks]

15) What is a virtual private network (VPN)? [10 marks]

16) How does simple network management protocol (SNMP) work? [10 marks]

17) Illustrate all the fields of IPv4 using a diagram and explain them. [30 marks]

18) Fragmentation is the process to divide a block received into multiple blocks of some smaller

bounded size. Discuss why fragmentation is needed. [10 marks]

19) Explain how the Internet Protocol works with an example. [20 marks]

20) How does a TCP make a network more reliable? [18 marks]

21) Briefly explain any 5 common HTTP methods. [10 marks]

22) Discuss disadvantages of Voice over IP (VoIP)? [12 marks]