Introduction

, focus on

1. How Africa was divided between (at the Berlin conference in 1885, end result in 1913)
   1. British
   2. French
   3. Belgian
   4. German
   5. Italian
   6. Portuguese
2. Colonization – Leading to World-war One
3. In 1870, only 10% of Africa was under European Control, by 1914 it had increased to almost 90% of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia), the Dervish state (Somalia) and Liberia had been independence.
4. Why Africa was the most appealing candidate for colonization
   1. Focus on natural resource looting
   2. Folks couldn’t defend themselves
   3. Language barrier
5. Talk of Cecil John Rhodes (CJR) arrival
   1. Gold mining
   2. Major with DeBeers
   3. CJR control of the southern part of Africa until death
6. Post-cold War –
   1. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/17/world/after-cold-war-views-africa-stranded-superpowers-africa-seeks-identity.html?pagewanted=all&mcubz=0

Western sponsored unrest

7. 16 Coups in 50 years (French colonies)

http://www.stabilityjournal.org/articles/10.5334/sta.da/

8. Chine taking over Africa under the guise of developing infrastructure
   1. The weak has no buying-power
   2. Sub-standard infrastructure
   3. China promoting and fueling corruption
   4. Chinese brings their own labor, materials to do the work at fraction of the labor costs
   5. Chinese – no transfer of skill/education, competency, knowledge
   6. Africa needs infrastructure – But not this way
9. Corruption
   1. Masses, people are not benefiting but the elite who participate in the negotiation with the Chinese
      1. Chinese products are mass produced but do not last longer (poor-quality)
         1. Poor quality of roads being built by Chinese firms
      2. Africa benefiting – Africa Growth YES – but not benefiting the masses as the elite and their cronies are benefiting
      3. Chinese provide the line of credit but don’t benefit the regular African folks but few elites who keep their wealth outside of Africa
   2. Governance
      1. Most African leaders are not trained to be governors as such do not have experience to govern vast natural resources
      2. In most cases they are hoodwinked as they have no idea the actual cost of the natural resources
      3. Nigeria had approximately 10% of oil deposits in the world but the people of Nigeria are among the poorest in the world
      4. Congo, South Africa, Zimbabwe, etc. have the largest deposits of diamonds, gold, iron ore, platinum but they are the poorest people on earth – Leaders of these countries are among the richest people in the world/Africa
   3. Global Powers has expanded their interest to Africa
      1. They have NEVER left since Cecil John Rhodes (DeBeers) to the Chinese with their sub-standards roads
      2. After mining, the Chinese walk away without the decency to cover the mining shafts causing severe amount of soil erosion, etc.
   4. African Union has been crying foul because they would like to be incorporated into the United Nations Security Council – to ensure protection amongst corruptors
   5. Africa need better informed leaders who will uphold the rule of law and ensure prosperity of the citizens
      1. Not take bribes from explorers like china
      2. China increased its influence in Africa because they are promoting corruption by paying bribes to do business in Africa or mine natural resources
      3. Look at Jacob Zuma (president of South Africa) he is doing business with the Guptas who externalized Billions of dollars out of South Africa to the middle east
      4. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03056249808704311
   6. Would the populous movement work in Africa?
      1. The current Africa leaders threaten their citizens suggesting that there are the only one who are fit for office, torture and kill those with pubic office aspirations
      2. Populous Movement:
         1. Backfired in the US, UK, but other European countries have learnt from others mistakes
         2. Americas were upsets that they felt that they were losing their countries as the black man had taken office

• Post Obama era – Donald Trump is unpredictable and has never been accountable to a Corporate Board since he started his careers.

1. He seems to not understand the concept of the 3 branches of government
   1. Judiciary
   2. Executive
   3. Legislative
2. Donald Trump runs the country like an African dictator with no regard of the country at large – 8 months after the elections which he lost the popular vote he is still blaming his opponent and the previous administration
3. He continues to govern through fear, intimidation and cover-ups

• America has been divided in the past, but the current president has gone too far – as the leader of the free world he needs to understand the he is the president of everyone not just those that voted him into office but America.
• As the president, he need to reassure the whole country that his new policies would be good for the whole countries and not work to try and erase what was achieved by the previous administration, i.e. the climate change, etc. His policies are very divisive and counterproductive

15. Africa being Colonized Yet Again – China new role in Africa
    2. http://archives.cerium.ca/IMG/pdf/IAN_TAYLOR_China_s_new_role_in_Africa-2.pdf
    3. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01149.x/full
    4. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/chinas-third-world-foreign-policy-the-case-of-angola-and-mozambique-196193/65F93E21ABDCF7137ECD2B9F977C4F55
    5. China needs to promote good governance in Africa
       1. Put your house in order first if you require some aid – that should be china to African countries requiring some aid
       2. But China’s approach comes out as willing selling we’ll buy

• China does not pay fair market value for land and their construction is substandard as they bring all their resources, i.e. equipment, personnel (even laborers are chines

1. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/raw-encounters-chinese-managers-african-workers-and-the-politics-of-casualization-in-africas-chinese-enclaves/DD5C294684B614DB1D66E122538D249F

16. China’s New Position and Influence in Africa
    1. Use the influence for good and promote good governance
       1. Require good governance processes be put in place prior to doing business
       2. Where there are human rights violations and gross mismanagement of resources – don’t do business

• Ensure the so-called infrastructure development/construction is up to par with global standards as most of china’s construction is known to crumble as they construction is completed

1. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=V70fPqj0YO4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=China+colonizing+Africa+yet+again&ots=JFGQymLY_G&sig=QEL_ZJ-ogWCLBuPBIFqXIsBZS6c#v=onepage&q&f=false

17. Influencing Good Governance in Africa
    1. The general misconception among Africa leaders is that in order for one to be an President, one has to be part of a some political struggle, arrest, commanded a post-colonial war to liberate the country. That is far from the trust, for instance Robert Mugabe was the first black leader after the British lost the first democratic election in 1980, 37 years later, at 94 years old he is still the president of Zimbabwe. He has in the past uttered that no one else can lead the former bread basket of Africa which has been reduced to a beggar. Zimbabwe used to be the most educated nation with a strongly agriculture and mineral resource based economy which Mugabe and his cronies dissipated. To the south of the boarder, lays South Africa which is still a power-house economy of Africa but marred with severe gross mismanagement and corruption. The president there, Jacob Zuma, has continuously continued to ignore calls to step down because of corruption.
    2. Don’t get me wrong, Mugabe is still consider a statesman in Africa as he and his comrades delivered the country from the white colonial rule and made sure his people had access to education, healthcare, water, roads, etc. but time has come to let other people take over and run the baton until it’s the next guy’s turn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Zimbabwe
    3. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436599308420345?journalCode=ctwq20
    4. https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=7+Geo.+Public+Pol’y+Rev.+1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=ed3958f11af63df41994e1ce0bde1059
    5. http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol13num3/akokpari2.pdf