1. You are in an area where electricity is predominantly produced from natural gas. Extracting and transporting natural gas has losses of 5 percent, the gas-fired power plant has an efficiency of 45 percent, and the losses of in the electrical infrastructure are 2 percent for AC/DC conversion, 7 percent in transmission and distribution, and 3 percent in wiring. Suppose you upgrade your refrigerator from an 18–cubic foot unit that uses 500 kWh per year to a larger 25–cubic foot unit that uses 350 kWh per year. How much final energy are you saving? How much primary energy?
