Visual and Hearing Impairments
Group 2
SPC1017
June 24, 2020
Finding out your child has a disability/impairment
Parents go through “stages” of reactions to finding out their child has an impairment
– Anger
– Bargaining: “If i just do _______, then everything will be okay”
– Depression: Crying, feeling lost and alone
Finding out your child has a disability/impairment
– Denial
Problems arise if parents deny that a problem exists, or overprotect their child and do not allow him/her to achieve independence appropriate to their age.
Denial closes off parents from positive suggestions, and may interfere with intervention strategies.
Over protectiveness insulates the child from the very world that they needs to discover on their own.
Finding out your child has a disability impairment
– Acceptance
Parents usually avoid comparing their visually impaired child with normally sighted peers
Able to release themselves from guilt; they are able to place “blame” for their situation onto the real cause such as as disease and accept it is not their fault
Tips To Help Families of Children With Visual Impairment
Acknowledge your feeling : Don’t compare yourself with other parents
Give yourself time to adjust : Intervention services
Inform yourself: Know about your child’s disability, the laws ( Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
Focus on the positive: Remember that your child is not defined by their disability and to love and nurture your child as you would normally
Connect with families: Connecting with families that are in a similar situation help you remember that you are not alone
What Is Visual Impairment?
Visual impairment is a term experts use to describe any kind of vision loss, whether it’s someone who cannot see at all or someone who has partial vision loss.
History of visual impairment
In the year 1260 peoples perspective of the visually impaired changed. King louis the ninth of France established the first organization for the blind. During this period of time there was no education available for those visually impaired. Although braille was not yet developed people came up with their own ways such as a writing system of pinpricks and silk embroidered onto cardboard.
Education and the blind
Denis Diderot was a French philosopher who made one of the first expositions to include significant discussion of the blind and education. The essay proposed that the sense of touch could be perfected for reading in blind people, foreshadowing the 19th-century invention of the Braille writing system. In 1784 French calligraphy professor Valentin Haüy opened the first school for the blind in Paris.
Charles-Michel who had opened the first public school for deaf people in the 1770s influenced Denis. By the early 19th century several schools appeared in Britain including in Liverpool (1791), Edinburgh (1793), and Bristol (1793). These schools taught students a trade rather than to read and write. Later on, in 1804 Johann Wilhelm Klein founded a school for the blind in Vienna. She believed that blind students should be united with their sighted classmates. In 1831 Samuel Gridley Howe an American educator opened the New England institution for the education of the blind in Boston which was known as the Perkins School for the blind.
Development of Braille
In 1821 Louis Braille took a raised-dot system of code to the school he attended and made it the most important upgrade in blind education. Charles Barbier was a sighted French military officer who invented a raised-dot system for officers which allowed them to communicate among each other in the darkness. The French army and the Paris school for the blind never cared for the system at first. However, Louis Braille changed up Barbier’s system and made it simpler to read with fingertips by reducing six dots. The system allowed the blind to read at a faster pace.
The school rejected Braille’s system because school administrators weren’t willing to replace all the raised-alphabet volumes. Braille was a teacher at the school and taught his system to his blind students. It was not until 1852 around the time that Braille died that the school finally accepted the superior Braille method of transcription.
Organization of the blind in AMERICA
In the beginning of the 20th century in the united states the blind were organizing into professional associations, such as the American Association of Workers for the Blind which was established in 1905. Special interest groups organized by blind activists emerged in the 1920s and 30s in a number of U.S. states.
Blind activists in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Colorado, and California were successful in encouraging support for the blind and public awareness efforts to inform their communities about the needs and interests of the blind. Those state associates authorized the National Federation of the Blind (NFB) in 1940. The NFB organized associates across the United States to become the largest support group of blind people. In 1961 the American Council of the Blind (ACB) was established by members of the NFB.
American vs. World Perspective on Vision
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Walk around with canes & wear sunglasses.
Aren’t able to use electronics.
Aren’t able to speak for themselves.
Only see darkness.
GENERALIZATIONS ON PEOPLE WITH VISION IMPAIRMENT
Nowadays it is easy to make generalizations on people with vision impairment.
All vision disabilities, even the ones in the same category, are different
We usually fail to realize that there are some things not everyone needs, and that there are others who need more assistance.
Why is it bad to generalize?
Individuals with vision impairments have their own personal preferences and responses to their disability.
A blind person needs more support than someone with a slight vision impairment.
These assumptions can affect the person’s confidence. They can feel that they are worth less than others.
While disability correlates with disadvantage, not all people with vision impairments are equally disadvantaged.
Visual Impairment Organizations
Florida Division of Blind Services
Florida Outreach Center for the Blind
American Association of DeafBlind
Florida Outreach center for Blind
Visual Impairment Organizations
Miami Lighthouse for the Blind
How to Communicate
DO’S:
DO include the person in conversations
DO introduce yourself
DO talk to the person directly
DO give detailed descriptions or directions
DO offer your guidance or support
DO indicate the end of a conversation
DO address the person by name especially in crowded areas.
DON’TS:
DON’T ask ‘do you know who this is?’
DON’T avoid using every language (such as look or see)
DON’T push or pull the person
DON’T shout
DON’T treat them differently
DON’T touch guide dog
DON’T leave the person standing in “free space”
BE KIND
Resources for communication
Search by voice commands
FREE
Create your own content
Community-powered website
Aids for Visually Impaired
MOBILITY
Service dogs
Canes
Electronic mobility aids
Ray electronic
Ultra cane
Jaws Screen reader
Kurzweil education
Braille displays
Reading devices for visually impaired
Employees with visual impairments
Accommodation and compliance series
Abledata
Famous Figures with vision impairment
– Louis Braille
-Helen Adams
– Marla Runyan
– Erik Weihenmayer
Tom Sullivan-Author/Motivational Speaker
What is Hearing Impairment?
•The inability to hear is called deafness. A hearing impairment or hearing loss is a full or partial decrease in the ability to detect or understand sounds.
•Hearing loss is caused by many factors, including: genetics, age, exposure to noise, illness, chemicals and physical trauma
Types of hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Sounds cannot get through the outer and middle ear. It may be hard to hear soft sounds.
Ear infection or otitis
Earwax stuck in your ear
Benign tumors
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Due to insensitivity of the inner ear or to impairment of function in the auditory nervous system. It can be really profound, to the point of total deafness. This is classified as a disability
Illnesses.
Listening to loud noises or explosions
Hearing loss that runs in the family.
Aging.
Mixed hearing loss
Is when a conductive hearing loss happens at the same time as a sensorineural hearing loss.
You will have a hearing loss because you work around loud noises and you have fluid in your middle ear. The two together might make your hearing worse than it would be with only one problem.
History of Deafness
History wasn’t very kind to Deaf people in the beginning. The earliest accounts of deafness were in Ancient Greece, around 350 B.C., in which Deaf people were seen as “incapable of being educated” and “the product of God’s anger.”
Plato’s student, Aristotle, was the one to initiate the claim that learning was only possible by being able to hear others; and by being deaf, one would remain uneducated their entire lives.
Aristotle’s foundationless claim against Deaf people unfortunately became very popular and was widely believed for nearly 2000 years to follow.
History of Deafness in America
The history of Deaf people in America began in the early 1700s when a settlement to Martha’s Vineyard, located near Massachusetts, contained a high percentage of Deaf settlers (up to 1 in 4).
Due to the high density of Deaf people, the residents created Martha’s Vineyard Sign Language. This allowed for there to be no language barrier between the deaf residents and hearing residents.
First Forms of Deaf Education
The first substantial milestones in education for Deaf people took place in the 1600s. The Benedictine monk, Pedro Ponce de Leon, created a means to teach Deaf people to speak using a variety of hand gestures and symbols (photographed on the left).
Another advocate for the education of Deaf people, Juan Pablo Bonet, built upon Pedro’s work and published the first official deaf education book in 1620 in Madrid (photographed on the right).
The American Perspective on Deafness
Deaf inclusion and awareness began in America in the later 1900s. The “norm” that society fixated on was always non-deaf, articulate people. Mainstream forms of media did not include Deaf people, leaving many uneducated and allowing them to continue viewing Deaf people as “a deviation from the norm.”
As sign language became more common and research on deafness advanced, society began seeing deafness, in its multitude of forms, as an identity, and not as something that needed to be fixed.
In America today, two predominant perspectives continue to pervade our perspective of
deafness and Deaf people. The first is called “pathological perspective,” in which people view deafness as a disability that needs to be fixed to assimilate to the societal norm of hearing people.
The second is the sociocultural perspective, which views Deaf people as whole individuals with a unique identity, language, culture, and community.
The Global Perspective on Deafness
According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are approximately 70 million Deaf people worldwide. Approximately 80% of this 70 million live in developing countries. While nations around the world have made huge advancements in deaf inclusivity, research, and education, the unfortunate reality is that millions of deaf people don’t have access to the education that would allow them to effectively communicate and learn.
Aside from the cognitive hinderance deaf people experience by their inability to access education, another unfortunate reality is that outside of the United States and Europe, Deaf people do not
have the protection of human rights. These rights are established to improve deaf people’s quality of life as well as reduce their dependency.
These rights generally ensure deaf people are guaranteed access to education, resources, and medical care, are not discriminated against when seeking employment, and grant them the freedom to communicate using sign language.
Because many Deaf people are not given these rights around the world, they are uneducated, unemployed, and oftentimes live in poverty.
Generalizations of People with Hearing Impairments
All hearing loss is the same
Deaf people can read lips
All deaf people use sign language
Deaf people are not sensitive to noise
Hearing aids can restore your hearing
Deaf people are not as intelligent
Pedro’s slide
Hearing Organizations in South Florida
FloridaHealth.gov FamilyHearingHelp.org
CHCHearing.org RehabCenter.net
Devices and Aids used by people with hearing impairment
Cochlear implant
sign language
Infrared systems
Personal amplifiers
Alerting devices like:
Doorbell
Telephone
alarm
Anything that emits a loud sound or blinking light
Software programs that convert personal computers into speaking devices
Computer program that synthesizes speech from text
Text messaging has also become a popular method of communication
voice recognition software
How to Communicate
What To Do
Make your face-to-face with the person and in a good lighting setting
Speak clearly, slowly, and distinctly
Say the person’s name before engaging in a conversation
If the hearing impaired person has one ear that is dominant, try to position yourself more directly
Take turns in speaking and avoid interrupting the impaired person or other speakers
What Not To Do
Do not talk from another room
Shouting distorts the sounds of speech and makes it harder to read lips
Don’t talk to rapidly or using sentences that too complex to interpret
Keep your hands away from your face while talking
Avoid sudden topic changes
Tips for people to communicate with those with hearing impaired
Gain attention
Gain the listener’s attention before you begin talking, for example , by saying his or her name .
Maintain eye contact
Face the person who has the hearing loss.Make eye contact. Your facial expressions and body language add vital information to the message being conveyed .
Keep hands away from face
When talking , try to keep your hands away from your face . You will produce clearer speech and allow the listener to make use of those visual cues by keeping your mouth and face visible
Speak naturally
Speak distinctly , but without exaggeration
Rephrase rather than repeat
If the listener has difficulty understanding something you said ,repeat it once . If they are still having difficulty find a different way of saying it
Talk away from background noise
Try to reduce background noises when talking
Good lighting is important
A person with hearing loss can speechread to assist in hearing so lighting on your face is important
Use an app to translate from spoken word to written word , or use texting
Resources in Miami Dade College
Vocational Rehab: pay training costs, tuition and fees, books, supplies, equipment, and special services needed
Instructor must accommodate student with visual and hearing impairments.
Screen readers, on cell phones that reads text in a book out loud
Book magnifying classes
Sign language interpreter
Note takers
Hearing Helpers (provided by the school)
Famous figures with hearing impairments
WHOOPI GOLDBERG, ACTOR/COMIC
GERARD BUTLER, ACTOR
PETE TOWNSHEND, MUSICIAN
HALLE BERRY, ACTRESS
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
Bring awareness to issues that people with hearing and vision disabilities faces.
Explain nature of problem.
Provide policies solutions.
People with disabilities experience higher rates of domestic violence, sexual assault and abuse.
Fewer educational and job opportunities due to impaired communication.
People with disabilities have transportation barrier.
Identifying the problem
Explain nature of problems.
People with disabilities are sexually assaulted at nearly three times the rate of people without disabilities. A 2005 survey of people with disabilities indicated that 60 percent of responded had been subjected to some form of unwanted sexual activity.
According to NPR, “fewer than 1 in 5 disabled adults are employed.” CNN Money also stated that, “disabled workers, earn about $9,000 less a year than non-disabled. Adult age 18 and older with disabilities are less likely to have complete high school compared to their peers without disabilities.
Lack of access to accessible or convenient transportation for people who are not able to drive because of vision impairment. Public transportation may be unavailable or at inconvenient distances or locations.
People that are different are discriminated, looked down upon and usually picked on. People with disabilities are seen as different creatures by most people, the disabled don’t choose to be the way they are, but still our society alienates them.
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solution
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| Increase to fund expended transportation services that benefit many segments to the disabled population. Have free portable devices that use global positioning system (GPS) satellite technology to empower people with visual impairments to better navigate the city’s public transportation system. Provide more work volunteer, and education opportunities .Have more opportunity for young people with disabilities to learn about the arts alongside their peers without disabilities. Facilitate employment and retention of workers with disabilities by providing information on the job accommodations and technical assistance to business. Schools should implement a better screening process for teachers, to ensure that no known sex offender are hired. Have a program to teach parents the importance of talking to their deaf and vision impairment child about sexual abuse can go along way. Treat them as equal Raise awareness and money to fight these problem |
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Solution
Solution
Persuasion is the process of influencing people’s attitudes, values, or behaviors. By using this valuable tool, we can make a real difference in our community.
As new challenges for people with disabilities occur every day, persuading others to volunteer can improve their lives.
Dedicating your time as a volunteer can help people with vision and hearing impairments achieve their goals, value themselves, and learn new skills.
We need to persuade others to make a difference in our communities. Many blind and deaf people out there need our support.
Nothing relieves stress better than a meaningful connection to another person
Tips to persuade others to volunteer
Use persuasive communicating skills such as pathos and logos.
Highlight the importance of helping others
Mention the positive effects that it can have on your psychological well-being.
Show how volunteering can change the lives of people with disabilities
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