Groundwater sampling is to be performed for a groundwater contaminant, and there is no basis for assuming that the data to be collected will be normally distributed and free of outliers. The Action Level or AL for the contaminant is 300 μg/l, and we may tentatively assume 10% of the AL, that is, 30 μg/l as the width of the gray region. Based on historical sampling data for the contaminant, the standard deviation may be assumed as 50 μg/l. The Type I (i.e., α) and Type II (i.e., β) error rates may be assumed as 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. (A) Use the appropriate procedure in ProUCL’s Number of Samples menu to compute the recommended minimum data sample size for comparing the contaminant concentrations with the AL; (B) Use the appropriate ProUCL procedure to compute the recommended minimum data sample size for comparing the site contaminant concentrations with the background concentrations; (C) If the computed sample sizes are not feasible in terms of the available budget, what options are available for sample size reductions? (D) How should the adequacy of the computed sample sizes be verified?
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