To promote equality, affi rmative action programs offer compensatory help to groups who have suffered from past discrimination. There have been objections that these programs are actually discriminatory because, in helping a whole group, some people receive help who need it far less than others do. Historian Garry Wills argues that government disaster help after a hurricane or fl ood does exactly the same thing, that it is a kind of “affi rmative action” program to help the disadvantaged catch up and so is the GI Bill (affi rmative action for veterans) and the FHA mortgage program (affi rmative action for young people getting their fi rst mortgage). Do you agree or disagree with his analysis? Why?