DISCUSS HOW ADULT AND LARVAL TAPEWORMS INITIATE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THEIR VERTEBRATE HOSTS AND THE PROGRESS TOWARDS OBTAINING AN EFFECTIVE COMMERCIAL ANTI-CESTODE VACCINE.

This essay covers Learning Outcomes LO1, LO2, LO3

LO1 give an account of the nature of host-parasite relationships and explain how parasites interact with other pathogens

LO2 discuss the importance of parasitic diseases in human and veterinary medicine

LO3 evaluate how parasites initiate and avoid host immune responses

The essay should be approximately 1,500 words excluding references, tables, and figures and prepared using a word processor. It could consider aspects such as how adult and larval cestodes differ in the immune response they generate, interactions with other cestode parasites, anti-immune defence strategies employed by cestodes, and the benefits and limitations of different types of vaccines against cestodes.

ESSAY TWO: CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE ROLE OF VECTOR CONTROL, DRUG TREATMENT, AND VACCINATION IN THE CONTROL OF LEISHMANIASIS.

This essay covers Learning Outcome LO4

LO4 critically evaluate the different strategies to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasitic diseases

The essay should be at approximately 1,500 words excluding references, tables, and figures and prepared using a word processor. It should consider why different strategies are required for different types of leishmaniasis and consider the benefits and limitations of the different control strategies. The essay should include case studies of leishmaniasis control in various countries.

The essays must be written in a format that is compatible with the LJMU computer network. Files that cannot be opened will receive a zero mark.

Presentation

You should pay attention to your spelling and grammar. For example, avoid using paragraphs that consist of no more than one or two sentences. Consider using sub-headings to help give the essay a coherent structure. Ensure that you have a concluding paragraph to summarise the main points raised in the essay.

Diagrams

Where diagrams are used these should include a scale bar and a legend.

Tables/Figures

Tables and figures can be a useful addition to an essay. However, THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR TEXT: 4 PAGES OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS AND ONE PAGE OF TEXT IS NOT ACCEPTABLE. All tables and figures must be prepared using Excel 5 or a similar high quality graphics package.  They must be neat, have suitable headings and be accompanied by an explanatory legend.  Poor legends such as ‘some effects of ivermectin’ or ‘a few animals commonly found in mussels’ will be treated with the contempt they deserve.

References

Please quote references correctly.

For books this as follows:

Bloggs, K.S. (1996) Parasites as Role Models.  Nonesuch Press.

For journals:

Woggle, Y. (1902) A preliminary report on the latest bot fly epidemic in the Liverpool area.

Journal of Parasitical Artefacts, 76, 62-67.

In the text, these references might be given as … “According to Bloggs (1996) …” or “Botflies were once common in the Liverpool area (Woggle, 1902) but have since declined”.

You must have read any article to which you refer.

A few final words

Please do not copy verbatim from websites or textbooks as evidence is always obvious and results in serious consequences. Essays that contain evidence of copying from textbooks, websites etc will receive A ZERO MARK. Furthermore, disciplinary procedures may be instigated and this could mean that you fail the module. I will be using web-based search engines to check that your essay is your own work and not a cut and paste exercise.

Remember that a paragraph normally consists of more than one or two short sentences. Many of the essays I receive read like a series of ‘bullet points’ and this makes me very suspicious that they have been ‘cut and pasted’ from books etc. Quite apart from being bad English this is also plagiarism – see point 1 above.