1.       Describe with a neat sketch how the nanoparticles are prepared employing the top-down methods, namely, milling and lithography.

2.        Explain with a suitable diagram, the synthesis of nanostructured materials using PVD and also reveal the applications by comparing with PECVD.

3.       What is meant by MBE? Explain with a neat sketch the principle, working and synthesis of nanoparticles using MBE, MOVPE and LPE.

4.        How is chemical method different from physical method of synthesis of nanoparticles? Explain the synthesis of nanoparticles using colloids and sol-gel method.