1(a) (i) Distinguish between Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Backward Error Correction (BEC).
(ii)Distinguish between longitudinal redundacy check and cyclic redundancy check as used in data communication (6 Marks)
(b) Calculate the CRC needed for the transmission of data stream 1001011 (4 Marks)
(c) Describe the following transmission line impairments.
(i) Delay distortion
(ii) Attenuation
(iii) Jitter
(iv) White noise (8 Marks)
(d) Scramble the following data bit stream 1000 0001 1000 0000 0011 using
(i) B8ZS (2 Marks)
2(a) Outline any THREE ways in which a transmission medium can contribute to signal errors during transmission. (6 Marks)
(b) Distinguish between the transmission of light through Multi mode fibre and single mode fibre with the aid of a diagram. (4 Marks)
(c) State FOUR advantages and TWO disadvantages of optical fibres (6Marks)
(d) State any FOUR desirable characteristics of optical detectors (4 Marks)
3(a) Compare optical fibre and microwave link in terms of
• Transmission speed
• Security of data
• Bandwidth
• Electromagnetic interference (4 Marks)
(b) Distinguish between DCE and DTE as applied in data communication with the aid of a diagram (4 Marks)
(c) Determine the channel capacity given a frequency range of 100 Hzs to 3400 Hertzs, if a 16 level MODEM is used (5 Marks)
(d) (i) describe asynchronous transmission with the aid of a sketch
(ii) Outline TWO advantages of asynchronous transmission
(iii) Outline TWO disadvantages of asynchronous transmission (7Marks)
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