1a. Define the following terms as used in Logic Programming (4 Marks) i. Fact ii. Structured term iii. Arity iv. Predicate b. Describe each of the following variable quantifiers used in Logic Programming. (2 Marks) i. ? ii. ? c. Interpret the following Logic Expression (4 Marks) i. ?x (greaterThan(Y,X) & greaterThan(15,Y)) ii. ? descendent („Njeru?,?Njeri?) iii. ??X (parent(X,?Atieno?) & parent(X,?Kajwang?)) d. Justify the effect of the variable quantifier „?? by constructing a Truth table for each of the following expression given that X ranges over {4,15} and Y over {7,14} (5 Marks) i. greaterThan(Y,X) & greaterThan(12,Y) ii. ?X (greaterThanY,X) & greaterThan(12,Y)) e. Construct a resolution tree to depict the implementation of Backtracking Resolution Algorithm for the following scenario. (5 Marks)
Basic Facts: B1(x) Database:{2,3,4} B21(x) Database:{1,2,3} B22(x) Database:{1,3,9} B3(x) Database:{1,2,5,36}
Rules of Inference P1(x) :=B1(x) P2 (x) & B3(x) P2(x) :=B21(x) & B22(x) Verifier Goal: ?P1(1)
2a. Explain the term Implementation Hiding as a concept in object oriented paradigm. (1 Mark) b. Describe how object orientation facilitates the use of implementation hiding. (3 Marks) c. State the benefits of Implementation Hiding. (2 Marks) d. Differentiate between inheritance and polymorphism as some of the core elements of object oriented paradigm. (2 Marks) e. Describe how polymorphism and inheritance can be combined to enhance the maintainability of a software system. (2 Marks)
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