1 ‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍ . Remler and Van Ryzin provide an excellent descriptive foundation on causation and establishing a casual inference. Describe what they mean when they offer a “counterfactual” definition of causation. Is this doable in reality? Why or why not?

2. Based in part on Remler and VanRyzin, I discussed four elements or hurdles for establishing causation. What are they and why are each of them important and relevant for establishing a causal inference?

3. Apply the Tali Mendelberg article entitled “College Socialization and the Economic Views of Affluent Americans.” Detail the following: First, what is the research question? Second, describe the theory? What are the main constructs and what is the analytical and logical foundation? Three, provide the key empirical hypotheses. Four, apply the four mechanisms above. How do they go about establishing a causal inference between their key causal ‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍ variable(s) and the dependent variable(s)?

Sources: Chapter 10 and 11 of Dahlia K. Remler and Gregg G. Van Ryzin. 2015. Research Methods in Practice: Strategies for ?Description and Causation. Second Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.https://bb.uis.edu/webapps/osv-kaltura-BBLEARN/LtiMashupPlayIframeWrapper?playUrl=/browseandembed/index/media/entryid/0_rtblyn1x/showDescription/false/showTitle/false/showTags/false/showDuration/false/showOwner/false/showUploadDate/false/playerSize/400×285/playerSkin/24054861/&course_id=_28985_1&content_id=_1334015_1https://bb.uis.edu/webapps/osv-kaltura-BBLEARN/LtiMashupPlayIframeWrapper?playUrl=/browseandembed/index/media/entryid/0_o2vzmvt5/showDescription/false/showTitle/false/showTags/false/showDuration/false/showOwner/false/showUploadDate/false/playerSize/400×285/playerSkin/24054861/&course_id=_28985_1&content_id=_ ‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍ 1334015_1