Category Archives: Physics

In Problem 5.13.1, what throughputs can be achieved when pumping gasoline alone? Use a specific gravity of 0.74 and viscosity of 0.65 for gasoline at the flowing temperature. Compare the pump head requirements when pumping diesel versus gasoline. Use the Hazen-Williams equation with a Cfactor of 145.

Problem 5.13.1

A pipeline 50 miles long, 16 in. outside diameter, 0.250 in. wall thickness is constructed of API 5LX-65 material. It is used to transport diesel and other refined products from the refinery at Carson to a storage tank at Compton. During phase I, a flow rate of 5000 bbl/hr of diesel fuel is to be transported with one pump station located at Carson. The required delivery pressure at Compton is 50 psi. Assume a generally rolling pipeline elevation profile….

A pipeline 150 miles long from Beaumont pump station to a tank farm at Glendale is used to transport Alaskan North Slope crude oil (ANS crude). The pipe is 20 in. in outside diameter and constructed of X-52 steel. It is desired to operate the system at ANSI 600 pressure level (1440 psi). The pipeline profile is such that there are two peaks located between Beaumont and Glendale. The first peak occurs at milepost 65.0 at an elevation of 1500 ft. The second peak is located at milepost 110.0 at an elevation of 2500 ft. Beaumont has an elevation of 350 ft and Glendale is situated at an elevation of 650 ft. During the initial phase of operation, 6000 bbl/hr of ANS crude will be pumped at a….

The pipeline described in Problem 6.7.1 is used to batch ANS crude along with a light crude (0.85 specific gravity and 15 cSt viscosity at 60°F). Determine the optimum batch sizes to reduce pumping costs based on a 30 day operation. Consider a flow rate of 6000 bbl/hr.

Problem 6.7.1

A pipeline 150 miles long from Beaumont pump station to a tank farm at Glendale is used to transport Alaskan North Slope crude oil (ANS crude). The pipe is 20 in. in outside diameter and constructed of X-52 steel. It is desired to operate the system at ANSI 600 pressure level (1440 psi). The pipeline profile is such that there are two peaks located between Beaumont and Glendale. The first peak occurs at milepost 65.0 at an elevation….

In Problem 7.14.2 for gasoline movements, the pump used has a head versus capacity and efficiency versus capacity as indicated below:

(a) What gasoline flow rate will the system operate at with the above pump?

(b) If instead of gasoline, diesel fuel is shipped through the above pipeline on a continuous basis, what throughputs can be expected?

(c) Calculate the motor HP required in cases (a) and (b) above.

Problem 7.14.2

A pipeline 40 miles long, 10 in. nominal diameter and 0.250 in. wall thickness is used for gasoline movements. The static head lift is 250 ft from the origin pump station to the delivery point. The delivery pressure is 50 psi and the pump suction pressure is 30 psi. Develop a system head curve for the….

A tank farm consists of a supply tank A located at an elevation of 80 ft above mean sea level (MSL) and a delivery tank B at 90 ft above MSL. Two identical pumps are used to transfer liquid from tank A to tank B using interconnect pipe and valves. The pumps are located at an elevation of 50 ft above MSL.

The suction piping from tank A is composed of 120 ft, 14 in. diameter, 0.250 in. wall thickness pipe, six 14 in. 90° elbows, and two 14 in. gate valves. On the discharge side of the pumps, the piping consists of 6000 ft of 12.75 in. diameter, 0.250 in. wall thickness pipe, four 12 in. gate valves, and eight 12 in. 90° elbows. There is a….

A pump station installation at Corona consists of two pumps configured in series each developing 1500 ft of head at 4000 gal/min. Diesel fuel (Spgr=0.85, and viscosity=5.9 cSt) is pumped from Corona to a delivery terminal at Sunnymead, 75 miles away. The required discharge pressure at Corona based on pipe size, pipe length, liquid properties, elevation profile between Corona and Sunnymead, and the required delivery pressure at Sunnymead has been calculated to be 1050 psi. The pump station suction pressure is maintained at 50 psi to prevent pump cavitation. Assume the combined efficiency of both pumps at Corona at the given flow rate to be 82%.

(a) Analyze the pump station pressures and determine the amount of throttle pressure and HP wasted.

(b) If electrical energy costs 8….

Use the data in Example Problem 8.1 and consider one of the two pumps driven by a variable-speed electric motor. Calculate the speed at which the VSD pump should be operated to match the pipeline requirements at 4000 gal/min. Assume that the rated speed for the pump at 3560 RPM produces a head of 1500 ft at 4000 gal/min.

Example Problem 8.1

A pump station installation at Corona consists of two pumps configured in series each developing 1500 ft of head at 4000 gal/min. Diesel fuel (Spgr=0.85, and viscosity=5.9 cSt) is pumped from Corona to a delivery terminal at Sunnymead, 75 miles away. The required discharge pressure at Corona based on pipe size, pipe length, liquid properties, elevation profile between Corona and Sunnymead, and the required delivery pressure….

The origin pump station at Harvard on a 50 mile pipeline consists of two pumps in series, each developing 1450 ft of head at 3000 bbl/hr. Diesel fuel (specific gravity 0.85 and viscosity 5.9 cSt) is pumped from Harvard to a delivery terminal at Banning. The required discharge pressure at Harvard has been calculated to be 995 psi. The pump station suction pressure is maintained at 50 psi. Use a combined pump efficiency of 84% at the given flow rate.

(a) Analyze the pump station pressures and determine the amount of throttle pressure and HP wasted.

(b) If electrical energy costs 10 cents/kWh, estimate the dollars lost in control valve throttling.

If a VSD pump is used in Problem 8.5.1 above, determine the speed at which the pump should be run to maintain the flow rate of 3000 bbl/hr. The rated pump speed is 3560 RPM.

Problem 8.5.1

The origin pump station at Harvard on a 50 mile pipeline consists of two pumps in series, each developing 1450 ft of head at 3000 bbl/hr. Diesel fuel (specific gravity 0.85 and viscosity 5.9 cSt) is pumped from Harvard to a delivery terminal at Banning. The required discharge pressure at Harvard has been calculated to be 995 psi. The pump station suction pressure is maintained at 50 psi. Use a combined pump efficiency of 84% at the given flow rate.

(a) Analyze the pump station pressures and determine the amount of….

A water pipeline consists of three pump stations, each having one constant-speed motor-driven pump of 2000 HP. The analysis of current operations shows that the pipeline has been operating at a fairly constant flow rate of 3000 gal/min, and the pump throttle pressures are as follows:

Pump station 2:75 psi

Pump station 3:85 psi

Pump station 1 has zero throttle pressure. Trimming the pump impellers to the correct size so as to eliminate wasted HP from pump throttle is estimated to cost $50,000 per pump station. Retrofitting each pump station with VFD motor-driven pumps is estimated to cost $500,000 per pump station. The operating cost for the VFD units is $50,000 per site.

(a) Determine the economics of installing trimmed impellers and the payment period based on 8%….