Mary has a hot temper. The smallest disagreements send her into a rage. According to Aristotle’s ethical tenets, which of the following actions would help Mary to behave more virtuously?

· a.)

Mary should shut off her emotions and stop caring about anything.

· b.)

Mary should practice patience and good humor.

· c.)

Mary should avoid situations that might anger her.

· d.)

Mary should try to determine whether anger really exists.

Stoicism was a school of philosophy that flourished in ancient Rome.Select the example that represents one of the central tenets of Stoicism.

· a.)

When he arrives at work, Gary is still angry at the conductor of his commuter train because it was delayed by one hour.

· b.)

Michael always wants to see his sports team win, and feels frustrated when they do not.

· c.)

Jennifer spends a lot of time thinking about death, and worrying about when it will come.

· d.)

Dan carries out the orders of his commanding officer without allowing his emotions to interfere.

Select the true statement about the “Apology.”

· a.)

In the “Apology,” Socrates argues that living a philosophical life is important above all else.

· b.)

In the “Apology,” Socrates successfully argues that a “not guilty” verdict would be just. The jury accepts his argument.

· c.)

In the “Apology,” Socrates admits that he is guilty of all charges and is sentenced to death.

· d.)

In the “Apology,” Socrates contends that he could not have committed any crimes because he is wise, and wise men cannot do wrong.

Select the statement that represents one of the main points made by Socrates in the “Crito.”

· a.)

Socrates’ life is more important than doing what is right, so he should take whatever actions are necessary to survive.

· b.)

Socrates was not legally required to die for his actions. He chose to accept death as a punishment because he felt it was the moral thing to do.

· c.)

When considering a complicated subject, it is wiser to follow the advice of experts than to appeal to the majority.

· d.)

Because the state failed to uphold its end of the social contract, Socrates can justify an escape attempt.

Select the statement that does NOT represent a central metaphysical tenet of Plato’s doctrine of the Forms.

· a.)

It is the existence of the essence of Goodness that enables us to know examples of goodness in the world.

· b.)

All Forms exist in Platonic Heaven as ideal examples for their worldly counterparts.

· c.)

A butterfly is a butterfly because it participates in the Form of a butterfly.

· d.)

The world of the senses is unchanging, but Platonic Heaven is in constant flux.

Charlie owns a small, skinny dog named Spot that bystanders often mistake for a cat. According to Plato, what causes Charlie’s dog Spot to be a dog and not a cat?

· a.)

The Form of Dog is the reason Spot exists as a dog.

· b.)

Spot is classified in the same genus and species as other dogs.

· c.)

Spot chooses to embody the essence of a dog.

· d.)

Spot fits his owner’s belief of what a dog should look like.

Which of the following is a way in which Plato has impacted history and society?

· a.)

His work drew distinctions between important endeavors, including philosophy, and empty pursuits, including rhetoric.

· b.)

He was the first philosopher to study the biological and physical sciences in the way we study them today.

· c.)

His doctrine of Permanence had a profound influence on later philosophers.

· d.)

He introduced a method of philosophical investigation that uses dialectic to uncover truth.

Select the statement that best distinguishes Plato and Aristotle from one another in terms of their philosophical approaches.

· a.)

Plato would say that we should dissect the bark of a tree to learn its essence. Aristotle would say that we cannot truly know the essence of a tree.

· b.)

Aristotle would say that if you wanted to learn the essence of a tree, you should study a tree. Plato would say that you should study the Form of a tree.

· c.)

Aristotle would say that “A tree is a tree because it reflects the Form of a tree.” Plato would say that “a tree is a tree because God made it a tree.”

· d.)

Plato would say that we must have experiences with a tree to have knowledge of a tree. Aristotle would claim that we can have knowledge of a tree without having any experience with trees.