McEvoy studied the responses of two groups of employees with similar demographic attributes in one organisation. One group were measured before they undertook outdoor training (control group) and the other group after the outdoor training had taken place. Thirty follow-up interviews were undertaken 2 months after the training and a second set 3 years later. McEvoy found that outdoor management education positively influenced participant knowledge, organisational commitment and selfesteem together with the intention to implement what they had learnt. The improvement in these areas were immediate and were retained at the end of the 3-year period, as measured by such indicators as reduced sickness and better implementation of Total Quality Management Schemes.