The purpose of the authors in this study was to develop an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students’ attitudes toward physical education. The methods for validation included (a) an elicitation studyand instrument question development, (b) a pilot study, and (c) a series of analyses to assess, construct, and content validity and to assess reliability. Once data for 1,344 students were collected, an iterativeprocess was completed using principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis using structure equation modeling. Data analysis showed that the
instrument fit two different models. The first model shows students’ attitudes to be influenced by cognition and affect. The second model shows a 4-factor model comprised of cognition- teacher, cognition-curriculum, affect- teacher, and affect-curriculum.