Part 1 (40%)

Lancashire (UCLan), EIC, [www.uclan.ac.uk/eic]. Construction of the EIC, seven-story building, will start in January 2017 and it is planned to open this building in the academic year 2018/19. It is designed as low carbon emissions building. Evaluate possible building construction methods to achieve Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) rating at least “Good”. Compare what is required for “Good” and “Excellent” ratings.

Describe strategies of design for fire safety, taking into consideration environmental and economic constraints on the building.

Make formal conclusion and recommendations for development of sustainable construction nationally and internationally.

Part 2 (20%)

Analyse a case study of fire in the built environment in the country, which is given to you by email from the module tutor by Friday 28th October 2016, on the basis of information available on public domain. Your fire case study should be relatively new and took place in the last 10 years.

You are recommended to use any large- and medium-scale fire and explosion cases. You are expected to demonstrate your analytical skills applied to fire-related accidents in the built environment.

Provide your opinion on lessons learned from your case study and your recommendations how to prevent possibilities of the similar fires in future. Make formal conclusion for your case study.

Part 3 (40%)

Solve the following fire modelling problems:

1. Explain nomenclature of halon and freon systems (use examples of Halon 1301 and Freon CFC 113). Discuss environmental impacts of halons and reasons for halon replacement in fire protection engineering industry under the Montreal Provide the latest update in implementation of the Montreal Protocol. Give your views whether halon replacement was right decision on the international level.

[25 marks]

2. Explain what different and common issues between the Fahrenheit/Rankine and the Celsius/Kelvin temperature Explain what is temperature of Fahrenheit 451 (like in Ray Bradbury’s famous novel “Fahrenheit 451” (Bradbury, R. 1953)).

[10 marks]

3. A compartment is fully involved in The flame inside the room is dully red. Considering the gray body model (ε = 0.75) calculate thermal radiation emission from the compartment and compare it with maximum radiant heat flux for indefinite skin exposure.

[5 marks]

4. Calculate the wavelength for infrared thermal radiation with frequency 1014 Hz. Compare the result with the wavelengths for Smooth Radio 100.4 FM and visible radiation for to the human eye.

[5 marks]

5. Compare the chemical reaction rates at two temperatures – 25 C and 100 The activation energy is 100 kJ/mole. Make your conclusion how temperature affects chemical reaction rate.

[5 marks]

6. Mixed fuel is composed by methane (volume percent is 55), carbon monoxide (0.35) and hydrogen (0.10). Calculate the lower flammable limit concentration for the mixture.

[5 marks]

7. Consider a 80 diameter pan fire of petrol with heat release intensity of about 450 kW/m2of surface area. Calculate the flame height under the normal atmospheric conditions.

[5 marks]

8. A person with initial speed of 25 m/s is moving to fire exit as described on the Fig. 1. His travel consists of two parts (AB and BC). In the first part (AB) he is moving with constant speed of 1.25 m/s. When he has achieved the point B, he will start to move with constant deceleration of 0.01 m/s2 due to the crowd in the second part of his trip. What time is needed for the person to achieve the fire exit? Assume that AD is 3 m, BC is 15 m and α = 30o.

[10 marks]

B

C

V0 = 1.25 m/s                                                                                                Fire Exit

BC = 15 m AD = 3 m

A

D

Fig. 1

9. A person is moving to a fire exit through a corridor (Fig. 2). His speed is 25 m/s and constant during his travel. In the corridor there is a strong air movement. Speed of air movement is 0.45 m/s and width of the corridor is 10 m. Find the minimum time needed to reach the fire exit. Explain your answer and indicate the right direction for his/her evacuation?

B                            C       Fire Exit

[15 marks]

U = 0.45 m/s

AB = 10 m

= 30°

α                       V0 = 1.25 m/s

A

Fig. 2

10. How different is the result for the previous question, if air movement changes its direction on opposite (from right to left: U = -45 m/s).