Lab 3 Mitosis and Meiosis BIO201L
Student Name:
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit):
Pre-Lab Questions
”1. What are chromosomes made of?”
”2. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. ”
”3. Cancer is a disease related to uncontrolled cell division. Investigate two known causes for these rapidly dividing cells and use this knowledge to invent a drug that would inhibit the growth of cancer cells. ”
Experiment 1: Observation of Mitosis in a Plant Cell
Table 1: Mitosis Predictions
| Predictions | Click here to enter text. |
| Supporting Evidence | Click here to enter text. |
Table 2: Mitosis Data
| Chosen Image | Click here to enter text. | ||
| Stage | Number of Cells in Stage | Total Number of Cells | Calculated % of Time Spent in Stage |
| Interphase | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. |
| Prophase | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. |
| Metaphase | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. |
| Anaphase | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. |
| Telophase | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. |
| Cytokinesis | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. | Click here to enter text. |
Table 3: Stage Drawings
| Cell Stage | Drawing REMEMBER: Your drawings should have your name and access code handwritten in the background. |
| Interphase | |
| Prophase | |
| Metaphase | |
| Anaphase | |
| Telophase | |
| Cytokinesis |
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Label the arrows in the slide image below with the appropriate stage of the cell cycle. ”
A- Click here to enter text.
B- Click here to enter text.
C- Click here to enter text.
D- Click here to enter text.
E- Click here to enter text.
F- Click here to enter text.
”2. What stage were most of the onion root tip cells in? Why does this make sense? ”
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”3. As a cell grows, what happens to its surface area : volume ratio? (Think of a balloon being blown up). How is this changing ratio related to cell division? ”
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”4. What is the function of mitosis in a cell that is about to divide? ”
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”5. What would happen if mitosis were uncontrolled? ”
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”6. How accurate were your time predictions for each stage of the cell cycle? ”
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”7. Discuss one observation that you found interesting while looking at the onion root tip cells.”
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Experiment 2: Tracking Chromosomes Through Mitosis
Once you have completed the digital exercise, select the “Results Table” button at the bottom right-hand corner of the screen and select the “Generate PDF” button at the top of the following screen. Insert your download into this document by selecting the Insert > Object > Text from file. Resize if necessary.
1. How many chromosomes were present before mitosis?
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1. How many chromosomes did each of the daughter cells contain after mitosis?
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1. Cite an example of a type of cell that undergoes mitosis. Why is it important for each daughter cell to contain information identical to the parent cell?
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1. Human skin cells divide at a higher rate than neurons (nerve cells). Hypothesize why this may be.
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1. Hypothesize what would happen if the sister chromatids did not split equally during anaphase of mitosis.
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Experiment 3: Following Chromosomal DNA Movement through Meiosis
Part 1: Once you have completed the digital exercise, select the “Results Table” button at the bottom right-hand corner of the screen and select the “Generate PDF” button at the top of the following screen. Insert your download into this document by selecting the Insert > Object > Text from file. Resize if necessary.
Parts 2, 3, and 4: Once you have completed the digital exercise, select the “View Data Table” button at the bottom left-hand corner of the home screen. Review your table. If you would like to make any changes, select the “Return” button in the bottom right-hand corner. If you are satisfied with your answers, select the “Generate PDF” button at the top of the screen. Insert screenshots below. Resize if necessary:
Post-Lab Questions
How did crossing over affect the genetic content in the gametes? Use your results to support your answer.
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What is the ploidy of the daughter cells at the end of meiosis I? What about at the end of meiosis II?
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List two differences between meiosis I and meiosis II.
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Based on your observations in the digital exercise, what can you conclude about the severity of nondisjunction that occurs in meiosis I as opposed to meiosis II?
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Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other cells?
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Blue whales have 44 chromosomes in every cell. Determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following: ”
”Sperm Cell: ” Click here to enter text.
”Egg Cell: ” Click here to enter text.
”Daughter Cell from Mitosis: ” Click here to enter text.
”Daughter Cell from Meiosis II: ” Click here to enter text.
Experiment 4: The Importance of Cell Cycle Control
Data:
1. Click here to enter text. 2. Click here to enter text. 3. Click here to enter text. 4. Click here to enter text. 5. Click here to enter text.
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Record your hypothesis from Step 1 in the Procedure section here. ”
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”2. What do your results indicate about cell cycle control? ”
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”3. Suppose a person developed a mutation in a somatic cell which diminishes the performance of the body’s natural cell cycle control proteins. This mutation resulted in cancer yet, but was effectively treated with a cocktail of cancer-fighting techniques. Is it possible for this person’s future children to inherit this cancer-causing mutation? Be specific when you explain why or why not. ”
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”4. Why do cells which lack cell cycle control exhibit karyotypes which look physically different than cells with normal cell cycle. ”
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”5. What are HeLa cells? Why are HeLa cells appropriate for this experiment? ”
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”6. Research the function of the protein called p53. What does this function do? Explain how it can affect cell cycle control. ”
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”7. What is the Philadelphia chromosome? How is this chromosome related to cancer? Identify how this chromosome appears physically different on a karyotype than it appears on a karyotype of normal chromosomes. ”
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