IAUSS Psychological Personality: Final Exam

Due Date: Friday, 7/31/2020 12:00 PM (Noon), Beijing Time

Multiple Choice Questions (only one correct answer)

1. When people believe that they have little control over what happens to them and all outcomes are due to chance, it is called:

A. Loss of control

B. Internal locus of control

C. External locus of control

D. Leaned helplessness

2. Which of the following characteristics pairs might NOT differentiate an optimistic explanatory style from a pessimistic explanatory style?

A. Interval vs. external

B. Stable vs. unstable

C. Emotional vs. rational

D. Global vs. specific

3. Which of the following statements about the Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ) is NOT true?

A. It contains 12 hypothetical situations

B. It has three dimensions

C. Participants provide one major cause of each situation and rate each cause on a 1-7 scale

D. Higher scores on the test indicate a more optimistic explanatory style

4. How many filler items does the Life Orientation Test Revised version (LOT-R) have?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 8

D. 10

5. Which of the following is NOT a way to foster the autonomy need (one of the three basic psychological needs)?

A. Recognize individual’s unique perspective

B. Use minimal pressure

C. Help the individual live with the consequences of the choices at a level he or she can cope with

D. Provide tasks that are neither too hard nor too easy

6. What does personality psychologists refer to the connection between choice and behavior as?

A. Locus of causality

B. Locus of control

C. Locus of motivation

D. Locus of determination

7. What two parts consist of a self-efficacy belief?

A. Cause expectation and outcome expectation

B. Motivation expectation and behavior expectation

C. Outcome expectation and efficacy expectation

D. Competency expectation and motivation expectation

8. Which of the following is NOT extrinsic motivation?

A. Inferential regulation

B. Introjected regulation

C. Identified regulation

D. Integrated regulation

Essay Questions

1. What are internal and external locus of control? It is observed that people in individualistic cultures (e.g., Western countries) show different tendency in locus of control than people in collectivistic cultures (e.g., East Asian countries). Describe how the differences are presented.

2. Describe the Life Orientation Test Revised version (LOT-R) of dispositional optimism. Why do people high in dispositional optimism cope better with major life events?

3. What are the three fundamental psychological needs? How do we satisfy these needs?

4. What does it mean to be self-regulated? What are the different kinds of regulation? What are the different types of motivation?

5. What are the three causality orientations? How do people with each of these orientations approach new situations?