T ‌‌‌Methods of Research In Criminal Justice.

Assignment: Three conditions are necessary for determining causality: empirical association, appropriate time order, and nonspuriousness. In an experiment, ten people who had frequent headaches participated in a study. Five of the participants were ‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍ given pain aides while the other five were given placebos. Results were recorded. Discuss whether causality was established by meeting the three conditions. Discussion Board Guidelines: Explain answer in at least 250 words. Provide at least two academic sources (wiki sites and the course text are not acceptable ‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍ )