a) Light caused by a transition between n=2 and n=1 levels is shown on the surface of magnesium causing emission of electron. Magnesium has a work function 3.66eV. Calculate the maximum K.E. of the emitted electrons in Joules. (5 marks)
b) When X-ray photons hit calcium, electrons are released. The frequency of a photon will have to be more than the threshold frequency of an electron is to be released. Discuss this statement in terms of the underlying physical principles. (5 marks)
c)
i) X-rays of frequency 1.53×10^(16) Hz cause the emission of electrons from a material with a maximum kinetic energy of 2.18×10^(-18)J. Calculate the threshold frequency for the release of electrons from the material. (5 marks)
ii) Describe and explain one piece of experimental evidence which shows that light is not simply a wave, but that it also has a particle nature. (5 marks)
iii) Explain why, if a photon causes an electron to jump to a higher energy level, the exact energy of the photon is critical, but if it is used to release an electron from the atom, it is the minimum energy of the photon that is critical. (5 marks)
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