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March 7, 2016

Asses the contribution of international organization in global environmental governance.

i) Discuss the parameters of a national state as defined by the Montevideo convention on rights and duties of states of 1933. (8 marks)
ii) Citing relevant examples, distinguish between first and second generation multilateral environmental agreements. (8 marks)
iii) Asses the contribution of international organization in global environmental governance. (10 marks)
iv) Briefly explain the Latin maxim “pacta sunt servada” and show its application in international relations. (4 marks)
With reference to specific examples, discuss four key actions taken to realize objectives of the ramsar convention in Kenya. (20 marks)
discuss the procedural steps in environmental treaty making (20 marks)
i) Examine the importance of environmental enforcement programmes (10 marks)
ii) Discuss the roles of nation states in international treaty making (10 marks)
discuss in depth factors that affect success of international environmental governance instruments (20 marks)

i) Write short notes about the following (5 marks each)
environmental activism
environmental literature
litigation
ii) Suppose you are an environmental advocate in Kenya and has identified poaching as an environmental problem threatening the realization of Vision 2030, explain five strategies that should be put in place to tackle the problem (15 marks)
Using relevant examples, discuss environmental advocacy roles played by national environmental lobby groups in Kenya. (20 marks)
a) Discuss how organizations can mainstream environmental reporting in their operations (20 marks)
b) Explain how the Global Environmental facility can apply any of the five principles of environmental extension in its mandate (10 marks)
Discuss five global environmental issues covered by the Kenyan media and describe how this coverage contributes to Kenyan development. (20 marks)
a) Identify and discuss exhaustively, any five forms of advocacy through which community development could be promoted. (10 marks)
b) Explain ways in which environmental health could improve through environmental activism (10 marks)

International Affairs/Relations

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PART TWO: Building the New Nation, 1776–1860 DBQ 3 Thomas Jefferson and Philosophical Consistency, 1790–1809 Directions: In this DBQ, you must compose an essay that uses both your interpretation of Documents A–E and your own outside knowledge of the period mentioned in this question. In the 1790s Thomas Jefferson was a major advocate of states’ rights and critic of Federalist policies. He advised a Connecticut correspondent in the summer of 1800, “Let the general government be reduced to foreign concerns only, and let our affairs be disentangled from those of all other nations, except as to commerce . . . and our general government may be reduced to a very simple organization, and a very unexpensive (sic) one—a few plain duties to be performed by a few servants.” After his election in 1801, however, Jefferson often vigorously exercised the power of the national government and of the presidency in particular. Determine to what extent Jefferson, after entering the White House, maintained or altered his earlier philosophy of government. Use these documents and your knowledge of the period from 1790–1809 to compose your answer. Document A Source: Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, letter, 1794. The excise law is an infernal one. The first error was to admit it by the Constitution; the second, to act on that admission; the third and last will be to make it the instrument of dismembering the Union, and setting us all afloat to choose which part of it we will adhere to. Document B Source: The Kentucky Resolutions, 1798. Resolved, that the several states composing the United States of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to the general government; but that, by compact, under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government. Document C Source: Thomas Jefferson to John Breckinridge, letter, 1803. The Constitution has made no provision for our holding foreign territory, still less for incorporating foreign nations into our Union. The Executive, in seizing the fugitive occurrence which so much advances the good of their country, have done an act beyond the Constitution. . . . It is the case of a guardian, investing the money of his ward in purchasing an important adjacent territory; and saying to him when of age, “I did this for your good. I pretend to no right to bind you; you may disavow me, and I must get out of the scrape as I can. I thought it my duty to risk myself for you.” Document E Source: Federalist Circular in Massachusetts, c. 1808. Let every man who holds the name of America dear to him, stretch forth his hands and put this accursed thing . . . from him. Be resolute, act like sons of liberty, of God, and your country; nerve your arm with vengeance against the Despot [Jefferson] who would wrest the inestimable germ of your Independence from you—and you shall be Conquerors!!! DOC D WILL BE ATTACHED NEED DONE BY 12:00AM PACIFIC TIME DOC D IS PAGE A108-A109 ON ATTACHMENT

February 14, 2021 9:05 pm