Analyze the following situations and determine whether the federal court has jurisdiction under diversity of citizenship.

a. Brady and Jeffers, both citizens of North Dakota, wish to sue as a result of an automobile accident caused by the negligence of Crane, a citizen of Montana. The damages for each of them exceeds $75,000.

b. Same facts as (a) except that Brady and Jeffers also want to name as a defendant, Dowd, the owner of the vehicle driven by Crane. Dowd is a citizen of North Dakota.

c. Same as in (a) except that Brady is claiming damages of $50,000 and Jeffers is claiming damages of $40,000. d. Digicam, Inc., a manufacturer of digital cameras, is a corporation incorporated in the state of Delaware with its principal place of business in California. It distributes its product through several national retailers who do business in several states, including Washington state. Reider, a citizen of the state of Washington, buys a defective camera that “explodes” while Reider is holding it, injuring Reider. The retailer who sold Reider the camera has declared bankruptcy. Reider wishes to sue Digicam, Inc. for his injuries. Reider is claiming that his damages exceed $75,000.