Waste heat from a nickel smelter can be repurposed to heat microalgae ponds for
year-round production of biodiesel. Heat in the SO2-laden roaster off-gas can be
captured using a heat exchanger (Exchanger Industries, 2014). Due to the off-gas’s
elevated temperatures, the presence of particulate matter and the concentration of
SO2, the capture efficiency is likely to be around 60% (Stehlík*, 2011). With an
approximate off-gas heat capacity of 1007 J kg-1
°C-1 (Ghoshdastidar*, 2004), for
every degree centigrade drop each kilogram of off-gas will contribute approximately
600 J of energy.
* If one or two authors list both last names, if more than two authors, reference as:
(First author’s last name et al., Year). e.g., (Scott et al., 2014)

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