1.a)What is mass spectrometry?(2marks)
b)Describe briefly each of the following stages in a mass spectrometer
i)Ionization (2marks)
ii)Deflection (2marks)
c)State and explain briefly the applications of mass spectrometry(9marks)
2.a)State and explain briefly the main processes in the sulphur cycle(8marks)
b)Explain briefly the human impact on the sulphur cycle (7marks)
3.a)Describe the general principles of atomic absorption spectrometry(7marks)
b)With reference to atomic absorption spectrometer ,state the stages in each of the following atomizers
i)Flame atomizers(4marks)
ii)Electrothermal atomizers (4marks)
4.a)Define the term chromatography(2marks)
b)Describe briefly the theory of gas chromatography(9marks)
c)State any four applications of gas chromatography(4marks)
5.Discuss the use of isotopes in the study of groundwater.(15marks)

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