1. Distinguish between a nick and a discontinuity in DNA and name the enzymes that repair them. (3 marks)
2. Outline the steps involved in the use horseradish peroxidase in detection of DNA of interest in an agarose gel.
3. State six applications of PCR in clinical diagnosis
4. Outline the steps involved in the use of (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for Herpesvirus.
5. Describe briefly orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis.
6. Write down the steps involved in the production of plasminogen activator in the milk of transgenic sheep.
7. Compare restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in the aspects given in the table below
Aspect being compared
RFLP
RAPD
Quality of DNA required
Use of radioisotopes?
Detectable in all tissues?
8. Explain briefly the general principles of DNA sequencing.
9. Complete the following table with inducer and repressor of the given promoters.
Name of promoter
Repressor
Inducer
Trp promoter
Glucoamylase promoter
Human heat-shock promoter
10. Explain briefly how recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is produced in yeast. (10 lines)
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