A 42-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia is brought into the ED by a friend who states that the patient has not taken his medication for over 2 weeks and is now behaving bizarrely. His BP is 130/70 mm Hg, HR 89 beats per minute, respiratory rate (RR) 15 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 99% on room air. On examination he appears agitated and is shouting, “the aliens are about to get me.” He is cooperative enough that you decide to use pharmacologic sedation. Which of the following is the most appropriate choice for sedating this patient?

a. Haloperidol and lorazepam

b. Etomidate and succinylcholine

c. Chlorpromazine and lorazepam

d. Ketamine and lorazepam

e. Clozapine