According to Erich Goode, a way to explain adolescent involvement in delinquency is through:
Answer    social learning theory
failure to fit into conventional society
inadequate child-parent relationships
social bond theory
Over the past 15 years, the number of females arrested for violent crimes has increased ____ percent.
Answer    15
25
30
45

Infanticide is primarily committed by members of a child’s family using ____.
Answer    poison
guns
hands or feet
knives

6 points
In 2005, the U.SHistorically, which of the following was not handled by the juvenile court?
Answer    neglected children
delinquents
hate crimes
status offenses

. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty for offenders under the age of 18 at the time they committed their crime:
Answer    could continue as it is in line with the Stubborn Child Law of the Constitution
violates the Eighth Amendment
is acceptable to the general public and, therefore, constitutional
violates the principle of parens patriae

Once a juvenile is detained and a petition is filed, a hearing must be scheduled within:
Answer    24 hours
48-72 hours
85-120 hours
1 week

When a juvenile is suspected of committing a crime, police have the discretion to:
Answer    release the child and report the contact
interrogate or search the child
turn the child over to their parents under the promise of punishment
both A and B are correct

Most youth tend to pick friends who are like themselves. The term that describes this process is called_________.
Answer    homophily
heliophobia
hobophobily
hormephobia

According to criminologist Ko-lin Chin, Chinese gang activity is dominated by:
Answer    fighting over turf
accumulating money
doing drugs
organizing prostitution rings
The Rochester Youth Development Study found that gang members accounted for _____ percent of the serious delinquent acts in the community.
Answer    10
18
nearly 40
more than 85

Some risk factors associated with gang membership include:
Answer    poverty
failure in school
prior violence
increased drug use
all of the above are correct

Latchkey children are those who:
Answer    regularly pick the locks on their neighbor’s homes
have been abandoned at home by work-oriented parents
regularly care for themselves without adult supervision after school or on weekends
have highly authoritarian parents
In a study of the relationship between religiosity and delinquency, Travis Hirschi and Rodney Stark found that:
Answer    religious adolescents had lower rates of delinquency
religious adolescents had higher rates of delinquency
atheist adolescents had lower rates of delinquency than religious adolescents
there was no relationship between religiosity and delinquency
According to Russell Hill and Frank Stafford, one way mothers compensate for being in the paid labor force full-time is by:
Answer    spending more money on their children
cutting down on their own sleep and leisure time
taking time off from work to be with their children
spending more time with their children on weekends
According to Bruce Chadwick and Brent Top, the more _____ a person is, the less likely he or she will participate in delinquent or criminal behaviors.
Answer    ethical
educated
financially secure
religious
According to the most recent Indicators of School Crime and Safety report, children were ___ times more likely to be murdered away from school than at school.
Answer    5
12
22
50

Children are ____ times more likely to be murdered away from school than at school.
Answer 16
35
50
80

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _____, that school officials may legally search students and their lockers without consent.
Answer    Thompson v. Carthage School District
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette

Research has found that schools with zero-tolerance policies are _____ orderly and secure than schools, which use a case-by-case approach.
Answer    significantly more
significantly less
no more
no less

Peers offer each other a sense of which of the following?
Answer acceptance
camaraderie
empowerment
all of the above are correct

Which one of the following is not a risk factor for very early childhood and delinquency?
Answer    maternal smoking
bullying
parent incarceration
exposure to lead

Impoverished neighborhoods often are characterized by which of the following?
Answer    high rates of self-employment
inadequate education systems
strong social support networks
both B and C are correct

The most effective prevention programs are aimed at children in:
Answer    the earliest stages of life
preschool and kindergarten
run-down neighborhoods
early Head Start program

The numerous early prevention programs conducted since the 1970’s have concluded that: