1. What is the issue concerning variation? Precisely state what measure is varying.  2. How is the variation being treated—as variation resulting from common or special cause variation? If special, by what criteria is “special” determined? 3. Explain why the correct interpretation of the cause of variation might be switched (common instead of special or special instead of common). What information in the case supports this different interpretation? 4. What would you have said or done to help the thinking about variation if you had been present as the case developed?