1. The drive-reduction hypothesis of motivation and reinforcement says that drives are aversive and satiety is pleasurable. Clearly, satisfying hunger is pleasurable, but what about satiety? Which do you prefer, eating a meal while you are hungry or feeling full afterward?

2. One of the last prejudices that people admit to publicly is a dislike of fat people. Is this fair, given that genetic differences in metabolism are such an important cause of obesity?

3. Undoubtedly, anorexia has both environmental and physiological causes. After reading the last section of this chapter, what do you think is the cause of the sex difference in the incidence of this disorder (that is, the fact that almost all anorexics are female)? Is it caused entirely by social factors (such as the emphasis on thinness in our society), or do you think that biological factors also play a significant role?