Classify each of the following descriptions as objectivesoriented, decision-oriented, or participant-oriented.

a. Mr. Green, principal of Midlothian High School, used

a multimethod approach to the selection of a new book

series for English instruction. He gathered students’

perceptions from a pilot test and teacher ratings and

also looked into the companies providing the different

book series.

b. Professional development of teachers to improve their

assessment of student learning was implemented at

James River High School. The results showed that 80

percent of the participating teachers had adopted new

procedures that were emphasized in the training.

c. Dr. Abrams recently conducted an evaluation of a new

doctoral program. The evaluation consisted of obtaining multiple perspectives about the program, including

those of faculty and students. She also observed faculty

discussions of elements of the program, both before and

after interviews that could be structured to confirm

interpretations of the observations.