Refer to Exhibit 3–3, Elements of Different Causes of Action. Analyze the following factual situations and determine which, if any, cause of action exists.

a. Connors and Loewe enter into a written agreement whereby Connors agrees to purchase Loewe’s house. Prior to signing the agreement, Connors asked Loewe about the condition of the roof. Loewe tells Connors that the roof is in good repair. In fact, Loewe recently had a roof inspection done and was told that the roof was in terrible condition and should be replaced immediately. Shortly after Connors moves into the premises, a storm occurs and the roof leaks in several places.

b. Engels buys a preassembled student desk for her grammar school son. When an overhead light goes out in her son’s room, Engels stands on the desk to reach the light. The desk collapses and Engels is injured.